Fiber optics uses light pulses through glass fibers to transmit data at incredible speeds over long distances. It's the backbone of modern internet, telecom, and data center networks.
Max Speed
Max Distance
Interference
Long distance, high bandwidth. Core: 8-10μm | Distance: 40km+ | Best for: Telecom, CATV
Short distance, cost-effective. Core: 50μm | Distance: 300-550m | Best for: Data centers, LAN
Laser/LED creates light pulses
Light bounces through fiber core
Photodetector converts to data
| Fiber Type | Core Size | Wavelength | Max Distance (10G) | Color Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-mode (OS2) | 8-10μm | 1310/1550nm | 40km+ | Yellow |
| Multi-mode (OM3) | 50μm | 850/1300nm | 300m | Aqua |
| Multi-mode (OM4) | 50μm | 850/1300nm | 400m | Aqua/Magenta |
| Multi-mode (OM5) | 50μm | 850-950nm | 400m+ | Lime Green |
Up to 100 Gbps and beyond
40km without signal loss
Immune to EMI/RFI
Difficult to tap undetected
Bandwidth grows with demand
Smaller, lighter than copper
Telecom
Data Center
FTTH
5G Backhaul
CCTV
Healthcare
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